Infertility is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects individuals and couples who are unable to conceive despite regular, unprotected intercourse over a period of one year (or six months if the woman is over 35). As gynecologists, our role in managing infertility involves diagnosing the underlying causes, offering treatment options, and providing support throughout the journey to achieve a successful pregnancy. This detailed overview covers the assessment, management, and treatment of infertility.
Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after one year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It affects approximately 10-15% of couples worldwide, making it a common reproductive health issue. Infertility can be attributed to various factors related to both partners. Causes can be broadly categorized into female factors, male factors, and combined factors.
A common condition characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, elevated levels of androgens (male hormones), and ovarian cysts. PCOS can disrupt ovulation and affect fertility.Conditions affecting the hypothalamus can disrupt hormone signaling necessary for ovulation. Early loss of ovarian function leading to reduced estrogen levels and lack of ovulation.