Total knee replacement (TKR), also known as total knee arthroplasty (TKA), is a highly effective surgical procedure designed to alleviate pain, restore function, and improve the quality of life for patients with severe knee arthritis or other knee joint conditions. This detailed overview covers the essential components of TKR, including indications, preoperative planning, surgical techniques, postoperative care, and patient education.
Description: The most common indication for TKR. Osteoarthritis involves the progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint function. Symptoms: Persistent knee pain not relieved by conservative treatments, significant joint stiffness, and decreased mobility affecting daily activities.
Medical History: Comprehensive review of the patient’s medical history, including any comorbid conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or obesity. Physical Examination: Assess knee function, range of motion, and overall physical health. Evaluate any other conditions that could impact surgery or recovery.X-rays: Standard imaging to assess the extent of joint damage, bone alignment, and the need for replacement components. MRI or CT Scan: May be used to evaluate soft tissue structures and assess the degree of joint damage if necessary.
Type of Implant: Selection of appropriate implant type and size based on patient anatomy and functional needs. Options include various designs and materials for the prosthetic components. Surgical Approach: Plan the surgical approach, typically through an anterior incision, and discuss with the patient the anticipated surgical technique and any special considerations.